According to WWF’s Global Living Planet Report 2016, declines in vertebrate populations averaged 58% between 1970 and 2012, including losses of 36%, 38%, and 81% in marine, terrestrial, and freshwater ecosystems, respectively. Humanity has much more to learn about the critical roles that these species play in both complex ecological processes and health, and thus much to lose letting them go extinct. Wildlife is increasingly impacted by encroachment, malnutrition, toxicants, and emerging diseases shared with domestic animals and humans. Indeed, diseases can be catastrophic to already stressed populations becoming leading factors in species declines and extinctions. Recent examples include chytridiomycosis in amphibians, white nose syndrome in bats, Tasmanian devil facial tumors, Ebola virus in great apes, multiple pathogens and neonicotinoids linked to honeybee declines, and nutrient-driven hypoxic dead zones impacting fisheries. Much more should be done to monitor diseases in wildlife in the tropics. Many sylvatic cycles of pathogens are unknown or poorly understood and there is no one international governmental agency that conducts comprehensive ecological surveillance and monitoring of diseases in animals across countries. Even worse, many wild animals are exported to countries that conduct little or no surveillance.
Conservation Medicine and more recently One Health have emphasized the need to bridge disciplines, thereby linking human health, animal health, and ecosystem health under the paradigm “health connects all species in the planet”. Transdisciplinarity, integrative research, and capacity building are core elements in establishing interventions that address extant, emerging, and re-emerging pathogens and toxicants that harm humans, wildlife, and other components of biodiversity. Efforts to intervene will need to be both “bottom/local up” and “top/national/international down.” Developing practical, sustainable and effective solutions requires a keen understanding of local socio-economic factors and a solid grasp of complex national and regional health and environmental policies. Efforts should begin within each country by developing strategies by the Ministries of Health, Agriculture and Wildlife to work together in common databases and emerging issues. In turn, federal agencies should rely on local scientists who are intimately familiar with these complicated, on-the-ground realities. Consistent with this philosophy and goals, we need to strive to ensure lasting local conservation impacts with global health solutions with every project by training community leaders, volunteers and school children, in addition to professional, in-country experts. Conservation Medicine and One Health offer time-sensitive opportunities to the conservation, veterinary and public health community to reach out for new collaborations with simultaneous benefits for humans, animals, plants and the environment.
Conservation Medicine and One Health:
Addressing the Changing Threats of Disease Emergence, Globalization and Climate Change to Tropical Biodiversity
Keynote
Prof. A. Alonso Aguirre
Prof. A. Alonso Aguirre is Chair of the Department of Environmental Science and Policy at George Mason University where he heads a program of collaborative research that focuses on the ecology of wildlife disease and the links to human health and conservation of biodiversity. He has worked in over 23 countries building technical local capacity with individuals and institutions in conserving endangered species and ecosystems. He served as the Executive Director of the Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation and Senior Vice President at EcoHealth Alliance in New York. Dr. Aguirre cofounded the emerging discipline of conservation medicine and edited both seminal books on the topic, and has published over 160 peer reviewed articles. He also cofounded the Journal EcoHealth and the International Association of Ecology and Health. Alonso has received numerous awards including the Colorado State University Warner College of Natural Resources Distinguished Alumnus Award, the Harry Jalanka Memorial Medal from Finland and the Special Distinction Conservation Merit Bicentennial Award from Mexico. Dr. Aguirre has advised governments of multiple countries in the Americas, Southeast Asia and Western Europe. Dr. Aguirre has briefed the Mexican and US Congress, Administration, and federal agency leaders. His work has been the focus of extensive international media coverage. His latest book ‘Tropical Conservation: Perspectives on Local and Global Priorities’ was published by Oxford University Press.
Keynote speaker